Tethered cord syndrome
نویسنده
چکیده
? Multiple Choice Questions Section The Neurosciences Journal includes this section of multiple choice questions as part of its commitment to continuous education and learning in Neurosciences. Experts in various neuroscience specialties are invited to participate with their knowledge and expertise in this section. Neurology, neurosurgery, and other board residents are encouraged to read this section to improve their knowledge and direct their reading for written examinations. Choose the most appropriate single answer. 1. Fatty filum terminale is due to which disorder of embryogenesis? a. Incomplete dysjunction b. Premature dysjunction c. Disorder of gastrulation d. Failure of caudal nuroaxial development e. Secondary neurlation 2. What is the appropriate preiconceptional folic acid supplementation dose in women with a previous history of neural tube defect affected pregnancy? a. 0.3 mg/day b. 4 mg/day c. 0.4 mg/day d. 3 mg/day e. None of the above 3. The most common urodynamic study abnormalities among patients with tethered cord syndrome are? a. Reflexic bladder b. Neurogenic overactive detrusor c. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia d. All of the above e. None of the above 4. What is the mechanism responsible for neurogenic dysfunction in tethered cord? a. Spinal cord ischemia b. Spinal cord luxury hyperprefusion c. Glucose metabolism d. A&C e. All of the above OPENACCESS
منابع مشابه
Orthopedic Lesions in Tethered Cord Syndrome: The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment on Patient Outcome
Background: Many of the patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) are admitted because of neurological symptoms, while some are admitted because of their orthopedic, urologic, anorectal, and dermatologic manifestations.Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome on patient outcome. Methods: Fourty-three patients who und...
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Primary tethered cord syndrome is defined as low placement of the spinal cord and thickened filum terminale with associated anomalies. This definition excludes anomalies concomitant with overt myelomeningocele and spinal cord tethering secondary to myelomeningocele repair. Embryologically, the primary tethered cord syndrome is an entirely different entity from overt myelomeningocele and associa...
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CASE SUMMARY Two castrated male cats, aged 8 months old (case 1) and 10 months old (case 2), showed a history of progressive paraparesis, an over-reaching pelvic limb gait, urinary incontinence and a palpable dermoid fistula. In case 1, the fistula was connected to the dural sac on the conus medullaris, and the tethered spinal cord was retracted caudally. In case 2, the tubular structure was co...
متن کاملExperimental cord stretchability and the tethered cord syndrome.
Much remains to be learned about the embryology and pathophysiology of the "tethered cord syndrome." Of particular importance in tethered cord syndrome is spinal cord stretchability and its relation to resultant cord dysfunction. In this study, cord elongation was observed in fresh fetuses and in animals by applying weights or forceps traction at the conus medullariscauda equina region. The res...
متن کاملSpinal cord stimulation as a treatment for refractory neuropathic pain in tethered cord syndrome: a case report
INTRODUCTION The spinal cord is a target for many neurosurgical procedures used to treat chronic severe pain. Neuromodulation and neuroablation are surgical techniques based on well-known specific anatomical structures. However, anatomical and electrophysical changes related to the tethered spinal cord make it more difficult to use these procedures. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 3...
متن کاملTethered cord syndrome with abnormal gait.
Parents frequently visit their family physicians with concerns of gait abnormality in their children. Minor musculoskeletal anomalies and normal agerelated gait variation are the most frequent causes. Tethered cord syndrome is an uncommon pathologic entity that can be initially asymptomatic and subsequently manifest serious neurological sequelae. Prognosis depends on early recognition and promp...
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